2.3.2 Remineralisation
One of the biggest challenges for remineralisation with chronic disease and inflammation is absorption. The
disease model shows this is mostly related to elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22 -> hepcidin, which then inhibits 2 metal transporters - Divalent Metal Transporter (DMT-1) &
ferroportin. This further inhibits uptake and/or export of at least 11
metals in some cell types - Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper
(Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium
(Cd), Lead (Pb), Vanadium (V) and Selenium (Se), in their 2+ state.
According to the literature, a 70kg human body normally maintains an
optimal level of many elements needed for enzymatic and other processes:
element | mass | element | mass | element | mass | element | mass |
Oxygen | 45kg | Gallium | 700mg | Nickel | 15mg | Lanthanum | 800μg |
Carbon | 13kg | Rubidium | 680mg | Chromium | 14mg | Tellurium | 700μg |
Hydrogen | 8kg | Strontium | 320mg | Manganese | 12mg | Yttrium | 600μg |
Nitrogen | 1.8kg | Bromine | 260mg | Arsenic | 7mg | Bismuth | 500μg |
Calcium | 1kg | Lead | 120mg | Lithium | 7mg | Thallium | 500μg |
Phosphorus | 780g | Copper | 72mg | Ruthenium | 7mg | Indium | 400μg |
Potassium | 140g | Aluminium | 60mg | Mercury | 6mg | Gold | 200μg |
Sulphur | 140g | Cadmium | 50mg | Caesium | 6mg | Scandium | 200μg |
Sodium | 100g | Cerium | 40mg | Molybdenum | 5mg | Tantalum | 200μg |
Chlorine | 95g | Barium | 22mg | Germanium | 5mg | Vanadium | 110μg |
Magnesium | 19g | Tin | 20mg | Cobalt | 4mg | Thorium | 100μg |
Iron | 4.2g | Iodine | 20mg | Antimony | 2mg | Uranium | 100μg |
Fluorine | 2.6g | Titanium | 20mg | Silver | 2mg | Samarium | 50μg |
Zinc | 2.3g | Boron | 18mg | Niobium | 1.5mg | Tungsten | 20μg |
Silicon | 1g | Selenium | 15mg | Zirconium | 1mg | Beryllium | 36μg |
Standard oral absorption of certain minerals will be inhibited throughout the day, relative to the inflammatory state.
Standard oral absorption is directly inhibited by the inflammatory cascade. The more severe someone's state, the more difficult it is to absorb minerals from food and oral supplements. For this reason, the protocol specifies sublingual mineral supplements as a "MUST", along with various coenzymes.
Inflammation created downstream of the hypoxia cascade appears to be one of the most significant inhibitors of the remineralisation process. Failure to address hypoxia is expected to stall any efforts, regardless of the administration route. (see "2.3.3 Blood-flow, hypoxia and fibrin-amyloid")
Combined with difficulties in absorption, various metabolic alterations will be causing enhanced excretion of electrolytes, and endotoxins (acetaldehyde, gliotxin, etc) can cause deficiency of silicon and zinc. Relative to the disease model, these can have significantly deleterious effects on energy metabolism, immune function and barrier function.
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201301-0061OC
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00350.2009
Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, sublingual, rectal and transdermal routes bypass this mineral transporter blockade in the duodenum.
Dissolving nutrients in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is another effective strategy to bypass inhibited transporters and downstream metabolism, systemically. DMSO has such an interesting history that I've written a stand-alone review article, just to cover it all.
Compounded sublingual vitamins and minerals are now available internationally from an Australian pharmacy.
Please see the “4.2 Custom troches” section on how to order this product.
Magnesium spray is one example of a transdermal supplement. Dead Sea
mud is another very rich transdermal source for a number of minerals and
electrolytes, eg. calcium, magnesium, bromine and silicon. However,
while reportedly highly successful at helping resolve these
deficiencies, it's also a little cumbersome and time inefficient to use.
An alternate source of bromine (and iodine) is kelp, now found in the
protocol's DIY powder schedule.
Depending on the skin microbiome,
a rash or biofilm may develop. This can be prevented by pre-rinsing and cleaning the
skin with a NAC-based solution (e.g. 5g NAC in 250mL of water) when
showering and washing the area with a cloth. Be sure to thoroughly clean
and dry your skin, especially the areas where transdermal supplements
are being used.
Notes and cautions:
1) Intravenous and intramuscular administration of minerals and other nutrients may be offered by local IV nutrients clinics or your doctor. Unfortunately, without these are normally not customised around your data and doses used may be closer to those commonly found in total parenteral nutrition. These are not appropriate for resolving moderate-to-severe deficiencies.
2) IV iron / ferritin administration is well-known for causing a high rate of hypophosphatemia. The disease model suggests this is largely due to an effect which is very, very similar to "refeeding syndrome". As such, IV iron and other minerals would likely have a significantly reduced risk of triggering this state, if the dietary electrolytes, vitamins and other micronutrients are being well-managed. Stage 1 of the protocol targets these variables and would be recommended as a precursor to any IV iron infusions. This can be discussed further with your doctor.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8279965/
3) The safety profile of any "nano" mineral compounds is not well-established and the data on a number of them is already concerning. I would avoid being exposed to these materials at this time.
4) In the interests of harm minimisation, I am also aware of reports that
some people have been self-administering non-prescription injectable
mineral products used in agriculture and veterinary applications out of desperation and/or frustration with the medical system, as a
way to rapidly alter their mineral status. Some of these products have seriously inappropriate ratios
and concentrations of minerals for use in humans and could cause harm.
eg. Yes, it's true that veterinary products, such as "Multimin Evolution Injection for Cattle" sold in Australia provides (elemental) zinc
@ 30mg, copper @ 7.5mg, manganese @ 5mg and selenium @ 2.5mg, per 0.5mL
subcutaneous dose. While you may consider that hypothetically, 3-4 x 0.5mL doses over 1-2 weeks
may help provide a rapid resolution for a deficiency of those minerals (apart from zinc - which has a much larger 2g+ total store in human tissues), I would strongly encourage people not to take shortcuts like these. These products are not made for humans. They're unlikely to be produced with any consideration around pH, osmolality and/or compound concentration. They may have undisclosed ingredients in the product formulations. There is a high probability of these products creating tissue damage and serious post-injection pain.
Please seek competent medical supervision / management and use registered / approved products only.