2.3.3 Blood-flow, hypoxia and fibrin-amyloid

Understanding Reduced Blood Flow in Chronic Disease: Impact on Quality of Life and Symptoms

Reduced blood flow, or impaired circulation, is a common issue in many chronic diseases. It can significantly affect a person's quality of life by exacerbating symptoms, slowing healing processes, and increasing the risk of complications. Understanding the factors that influence blood flow is essential for both medical professionals and patients managing chronic conditions. Addressing these influences not only alleviates symptoms but also enhances overall well-being and disease outcomes.

Infections in the Bloodstream

Bacteremia, fungemia, and septicemia refer to the presence of bacteria, fungi, and toxins in the bloodstream, respectively. These infections can lead to systemic inflammation, causing blood vessels to constrict and reducing blood flow. In chronic disease patients, compromised immune systems make them more susceptible to these infections, which can worsen their condition and delay recovery.

Oxidative Stress and Vascular Health

Oxidative stress occurs when there's an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, which is a significant factor in this disease model and relates to dysregulation of IFN-γ. Excessive free radicals can damage the lining of blood vessels, leading to stiffness and reduced elasticity. This damage impedes proper blood flow and can contribute to the progression of chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension. Additional dietary antioxidant can assist during elevated immune activity.

The Role of Zeta Potential and pH

Zeta potential is a measure of the electrical charge on particles, such as red blood cells, in a fluid. A healthy zeta potential keeps cells evenly dispersed, promoting smooth blood flow. Changes in blood pH can alter zeta potential, causing cells to clump together and slow circulation. Maintaining a balanced pH is crucial for optimal blood viscosity and flow.

Nitric Oxide Synthase and Vasodilation

Nitric oxide synthase is an enzyme responsible for producing nitric oxide, a molecule that relaxes blood vessels and improves circulation. In chronic diseases, the production of nitric oxide can be impaired by oxidative stress and mineral deficiencies, etc., leading to vessel constriction and reduced blood flow. Enhancing nitric oxide levels can help alleviate symptoms by promoting vasodilation.

Spike Protein, Fibrin, Fibrinogen, and Amyloid Aggregates

Fibrin and fibrinogen are proteins involved in blood clotting. In chronic conditions, elevated levels can lead to excessive clot formation, obstructing blood vessels. Additionally, fibrin-amyloid aggregates can accumulate, further hindering circulation. Spike protein has been found accumulating in various tissues, suggesting it has difficulties being degraded. Monitoring and managing these various protein levels are vital to prevent blockages and maintain healthy blood flow. NAC, nattokinase and DMSO may assist in degrading aggregates, along with biofilms and spike protein. Aspirin and various prescription anticoagulants are also known to be helpful in managing symptoms in chronic disease.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)

Neutrophils are white blood cells that release extracellular traps to capture pathogens. However, excessive formation of these traps can increase blood viscosity and contribute to clot formation. In chronic diseases with persistent inflammation, NETs can play a role in reducing blood flow and exacerbating symptoms.

Sodium Levels and Blood Volume

Sodium insufficiency can lead to decreased blood volume, known as hypovolemia. Sodium helps retain water in the bloodstream, maintaining adequate blood pressure and flow. Low sodium levels can cause dehydration, reducing blood volume and impairing circulation. Ensuring sufficient sodium intake is important for patients unless contraindicated by their condition. (see "4.1 Electrolytes")

Dehydration and Hypovolemia

Dehydration reduces the total volume of blood in the body, leading to hypovolemia. This condition decreases the amount of blood available to transport oxygen and nutrients, negatively affecting organ function and energy levels. Staying hydrated is essential to support adequate blood flow and overall health.

Structural Influences on Circulation

Structural issues like chronic cranial instability can compress blood vessels, impeding blood flow to critical areas like the brain. This can be exacerbated when laying down, where your pillow height is inappropriate. Similarly, blocked lymphatic vessels hinder the removal of waste products and excess fluids, leading to swelling and increased pressure on blood vessels. Addressing these structural problems can significantly improve circulation and symptom management. (see "2.2.5 Structural issues")

Sleep breathing disorders from metabolic disturbances in nasopharyngeal, oral, lung and/or related tissues from localised endotoxemia / biofilms can significantly influence hypoxia and sleep quality. These may require remediation. (see "2.2.3 Living without chronic dysbiosis")